What is a 3d model? This is a very common question that many people ask when they are told that for a remodeling or design project it is necessary to replicate the environment, part or set of parts to be assembled in a virtual environment.
Years ago, in the analog era and even before, the only way to know how a project would turn out was by making a scale model of it. This allowed to have a broader vision of the final result, with a high degree of precision. But, although this was an acceptable solution, it entailed certain problems: For example, how to measure the resistance of the element or assembly under load conditions? To obtain this type of results, destructive tests were necessary, where there was an unwanted loss of material. All this changed with the advent of 3d modeling.
At present, the advancement of technology and computer science is enormous. The development of programs that allow the representation of objects in virtual environments is and will be a fundamental factor in this technological revolution that we are experiencing. In this post, we will address the topic of 3d modeling and everything you need to know about this process, from its main characteristics, types, software used and more. To get started, let’s answer the following question:
3D modeling is a process that allows to carry out the three-dimensional representation of an object or group of objects in a virtual space. This definition is framed within the perspective of 3d design in general. Whether the object or group of objects exist or not in reality is not a problem. Mathematics and programming itself play a fundamental role in this process, being responsible for achieving the generation of a 3d model of the object accurately. Now, you may be wondering, how is a 3d model generated?
The generation of the 3d model is possible thanks to 3d design programs that are generally installed on computers, either laptops or towers, and that allow the virtual representation of each face and surface of the object to be modeled. Depending on the program, we have more or less tools and we can simply generate an initial sketch of the object or create a faithful representation of it for later engineering analysis or execution of photorealistic representations.
Modeling is giving shape to something. The result of that work is a model. This is a definition applied to modeling with soft materials such as plasticine or clay, but which is valid in virtual environments. The definition of 3d modeling is the same and the goal is, to some extent, the same. It is the tools that change.
Very well, with this definition you already know what 3d modeling is about. Now let’s break down the main characteristics of 3d modeling or design from a project execution approach and product presentation of all kinds:
The 3d modeling process has a variety of characteristics that cover practically the entire field of its application. Next, we break down the main and most important characteristics to take into account in 3d modeling in general:
– The first notable feature of 3d modeling or design is the versatility it offers for visualizing projects of all kinds in a virtual way. With an internet connection, it is possible to share the progress of a project anywhere in the world.
– Offers the opportunity to work jointly on a project among various design professionals and related departments. Sales, manufacturing and installation managers all can see the product being considered.
– It adapts to any system of measurement units. Whether the job requires the use of the American or international measurement system, 3d modeling programs allow the use of all types of systems without problems.
– 3d modeling allows engineering analysis of any type of structure or part without the need for destructive tests. Whether static finite element analysis or dynamic simulations, with a well-done 3D model, it is possible to know the response of the product to be manufactured to specific load and work conditions.
Now, as we said previously, the characteristics of 3d modeling vary depending on the field of application. To better understand this, it is necessary to talk about the 3 most used and popular types of 3d modeling that exist:
3d modeling is versatile. This versatility is reflected in the variety of 3d design programs that exist and in the types of 3d modeling available today. Depending on the type of model required, the methodology to follow for the construction of a virtual object changes. Inevitably, the type of 3d modeling and the software used are subject to this methodology. Here are the 3 most important types of 3d modeling from a product design perspective today:
Solid modeling is the elementary type of modeling and is usually the simplest of all. It includes the generation of three-dimensional objects through the layout of parameterized sketches in 2 dimensions. This 2d sketch then serves as the basis for the generation of a volume.
The best-known solids are cubes, spheres and any three-dimensional representation of elementary geometric figures that we learn from childhood. Starting from these base elements, through various operations, various volumetric figures are obtained.
With this type of modeling, simple parts that do not require a high optimization process are represented. These parts can be used in assemblies and in manufacturing processes without any drawbacks; The problem arises when you want to optimize the model or modify dimensions to generate new concepts. The process is carried out manually in this type of modeling.
Parametric modeling represents the evolution of 3d solid modeling. Adds the control of variables or parameters that allow to modify the virtual object efficiently and without the need to modify the 2d base sketches. This factor allows generating reusable and optimizable designs, important factors in the generation of concepts during the product design phase.
Depending on the program used to model, the level of parameterization can be basic or high. In general, the most common is to parameterize one or several dimensions of a part. But it is also possible to apply parameterized constraints on assemblies, object visibility, during patterning, etc.
An example of parametric modeling is found in concept generation for manufacturing. Concepts are analyzed and optimized; in some cases the dimensions are changed, in others the shape of the raised volume in general is modified. For all these processes and versions of the object, it is necessary to parameterize so as not to overwork.
Organic modeling is the most versatile type of modeling used today. It allows to represent in virtual environments existing objects in reality. Organic objects, that is, animals, people, vegetation, etc. It also covers the modeling of inorganic elements, which refer to the modeling of non-living elements, such as props in games, among others.
Organic modeling offers creative freedom over and above parametric and solid modeling. This is due to the artistic component present in this type of modeling. The end result may or may not exist in reality, it doesn’t really matter. It covers any artistic aspect that requires the virtual representation of any type of volume.
The field of application of this type of modeling is extensive. Today we see organic models almost everywhere. Video games, rendering of architectural products, 3d printing, in web applications, etc.
The variety of programs that exist for 3d modeling is extensive. There are options that offer professional design tools for each type of modeling and that allow the construction of virtual objects with a high level of precision. From free options to paid options, the choice will depend on the project to be executed and the level of detail or scope of it. Having said this, here are the most popular 3d modeling programs on the market:
3ds max is one of the most used programs today when we talk about 3d modeling. From the Autodesk family, it is a 3d modeling and rendering software that offers a palette of extensive tools for organic modeling. It is present in architecture and product presentation and is widely used in the presentation of projects that require a level of photorealistic finish on materials. More information here.
Continuing with the 3d modeling programs used in architecture and construction, we have Twinmotion. This program is widely used today thanks to its real-time preview feature of 3d models. It offers the generation of high-quality photo-realistic images and videos, ideal for product presentations. Undoubtedly a perfect tool for project presentation. More information here.
Now we are going with a 3d modeling program that is widely used in engineering. He is an inventor, another of the Autodesk family. With this 3d modeling program, we have all the necessary tools to manage solid models, whether simple or parameterized. It allows the generation of plans and has an environment for finite element analysis and dynamic simulations, among other options. More information here.
Finally we have Fusion 360. This 3d modeling program combines the features of solid, parametric and organic modeling programs. At the same time, it offers cloud rendering service and a library of high-end preloaded materials. It is an ideal option for people who work with product modeling and who need everything in one environment. More information here.
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The 3D modeling service is a service used in the execution of industrial, architectural and engineering design projects. It is a very important service today and it will become increasingly important in the future.
As a customer, you need to understand the importance of 3D modeling applied to your projects. Buying quality materials does not guarantee that the final installation will be a success if the design is improvised. It is at this point that 3D modeling reduces the likelihood of poor results that spoil the final product.
Now, before explaining the reasons why the 3D modeling service should be part of all your projects, let’s first know a little more about 3D modeling:
3D modeling applied in interior and exterior, industrial, architectural and engineering design, consists of the mathematical representation of a real project (that is going to be executed or has already been executed), in a virtual environment that allows establishing physical properties and mechanics of the materials to be used, for subsequent evaluation.
An important characteristic of a 3D model is the ease it offers to generate useful documentation for the manufacture and installation of a project.
Not only is it a virtual representation, but it also allows the generation of plans with precise measurements that optimize the final results.
Now that you know a little more about 3D modeling, the following would be to know some of the advantages of implementing it in your projects:
One of the main advantages of having a 3D model is that you can generate concepts for any idea without the need to install a single screw. There is no imminent risk of having glass manufactured, cutting material for a section of railing or door without first knowing what the final result will be.
Another advantage is being able to make modifications to the model, allowing the optimization of the project without having to do it during manufacturing or installation. No need to improvise during installation, if you already have a clear idea of the result. This is important because it prevents the investment in materials from being high or not sufficient for the required design.
Additionally, the need for a team to go to measure the space where the installation is required is eliminated.
Using a few measurements and photos as benchmarks, the design team does the rest and creates true-to-life models, remotely.
Those are the main advantages of a well-executed 3D modeling service. As you can see, there is a lower risk of losing money or that things will not be the way you wanted.